Senin, 09 Agustus 2010

Rock and roll (often written as rock & roll or rock 'n' roll) is a genre of popular music that originated and evolved in the United States during the late 1940s and early 1950s,[1][2] primarily from a combination of the blues, country music, jazz [3] and gospel music.[4] Though elements of rock and roll can be heard in country records of the 1930s,[3] and in blues records from the 1920s,[5] rock and roll did not acquire its name until the 1950s.[6][7] An early form of rock and roll was rockabilly,[8] which combined country and jazz with influences from traditional Appalachian folk music and gospel.[9]
The term "rock and roll" now has at least two different meanings, both in common usage. The American Heritage Dictionary[10] and the Merriam-Webster Dictionary[11] both define rock and roll as synonymous with rock music. Allwords.com, however, refers specifically to the music of the 1950s.[12] For the purpose of differentiation, this article uses the latter definition, while the broader musical genre is discussed in the rock music article.
In the earliest rock and roll styles of the late 1940s and early 1950s, either the piano or saxophone was often the lead instrument, but these were generally replaced or supplemented by guitar in the middle to late 1950s.[13] The beat is essentially a boogie woogie blues rhythm with an accentuated backbeat, the latter almost always provided by a snare drum.[14] Classic rock and roll is usually played with one or two electric guitars (one lead, one rhythm), a string bass or (after the mid-1950s) an electric bass guitar, and a drum kit.[13]
Rock and roll began achieving wide popularity in the 1960s.[15] The massive popularity and eventual worldwide view of rock and roll gave it a widespread social impact. Bobby Gillespie writes that "When Chuck Berry sang "Hail, hail, rock and roll, deliver me from the days of old", that's exactly what the music was doing. Chuck Berry started the global psychic jailbreak that is rock'n'roll."[16]
Far beyond simply a musical style, rock and roll, as seen in movies and on television, influenced lifestyles, fashion, attitudes, and language. It went on to spawn various sub-genres, often without the initially characteristic backbeat, that are now more commonly called simply "rock music" or "rock".

sejarah rock n rool

Rock and Roll adalah genre musik yang berkembang di AS pada akhir tahun 1940-an dan mencapai puncak kepopularitasannya pada awal tahun 1950-an. Dari AS genre musik ini menyebar keseluruh dunia. Rock and Roll juga banyak melahirkan berbagai jenis sub-genre, yang secara keseluruhan dikenal sebagai musik Rock.

Ciri khas musik Rock and Roll adalah pada ketukan(beat)nya yang biasanya dipadu dengan lirik. Rock and Roll menggunakan beat yang didasarkan pada salah satu ritme musik blues yang disebut boogie woogie ditambah dengan aksen backbeat yang hampir selalu diisi dengan pukulan snare drum. Versi klasik dari Rock and Roll dimainkan dengan satu atau dua gitar listrik, gitar bass listrik, dan drum set. Perangkat kibor juga sering dimainkan sebagai perangkat musik tambahan. Bila dimainkan dengan dua gitar listrik, yang dimainkan untuk memberikan melodi disebut sebagai guitar lead, sedangkan gitar yang dimainkan untuk memberikan ritme disebut sebagai gitar ritme.

Saksofon juga sering dijadikan instrumen melodi pada gaya Rock and Roll awal tahun 1950-an, akan tetapi peranannya digantikan oleh gitar listrik pada pertengahan tahun 1950-an. Diakhir tahun 1940-an, bentuk awal Rock and Roll bahkan memakai piano sebagai instrumen melodi.

Salah satu cikal bakal Rock and Roll adalah musik boogie woogie dengan piano sebagai melodi., seperti permainan berbagai kelompok big band yang mendominasi dunia musik AS decade 1940-an. Kepopuleran Rock and Roll secara massal dan mendunia ternyata menimbulkan dampak sosial yang tak terduga. Rock and Roll bukan saja mempengaruhi gaya bermusik, tetapi juga gaya hidup, gaya berpakaian serta gaya bahasa. Selain sukses didunia musik, bintang-bintang di periode awal Rock and Roll juga sukses didunia film dan televisi Elvis Presley Contohnya yang merupakan bintang Rock and Roll yang sukses sebagai bintang film dan televisi.